SC2FA – State controller for 2nd order system with frequency autotuner

Block SymbolLicensing group: AUTOTUNING
PIC

Function Description
The SC2FA block implements a state controller for 2nd order system (7.4) with frequency autotuner. It is well suited especially for control (active damping) of lightly damped systems (ξ < 0.1). But it can be used as an autotuning controller for arbitrary system which can be described with sufficient precision by the transfer function

F(s) = b1s + b0 s2 + 2ξΩs + Ω2, (7.4)

where Ω > 0 is the natural (undamped) frequency, ξ, 0 < ξ < 1, is the damping coefficient and b1, b0 are arbitrary real numbers. The block has two operating modes: "Identification and design mode" and "Controller mode".

The "Identification and design mode" is activated by the binary input ID = on. Two points of frequency response with given phase delay are measured during the identification experiment. Based on these two points a model of the controlled system is built. The experiment itself is initiated by the rising edge of the RUN input. A harmonic signal with amplitude uamp, frequency ω and bias ubias then appears at the output mv. The frequency runs through the interval wb,wf, it increases gradually. The current frequency is copied to the output w. The rate at which the frequency changes (sweeping) is determined by the cp parameter, which defines the relative shrinking of the initial period Tb = 2π wb of the exciting sine wave in time Tb, thus

cp = wb ω(Tb) = wb wbeγTb = eγTb .

The cp parameter usually lies within the interval cp 0,95;1). The lower the damping coefficient ξ of the controlled system is, the closer to one the cp parameter must be.

At the beginning of the identification period the exciting signal has a frequency of ω = wb. After a period of stime seconds the estimation of current frequency response point starts. Its real and imaginary parts are available at the xre and xim outputs. If the MANF parameter is set to 0, then the frequency sweeping is stopped two times during the identification period. This happens when points with phase delay of ph1 and ph2 are reached for the first time. The breaks are stime seconds long. Default phase delay values are 60 and 120, respectively, but these can be changed to arbitrary values within the interval (360,0), where ph1 > ph2. At the end of each break an arithmetic average is computed from the last iavg frequency point estimates. Thus we get two points of frequency response which are successively used to compute the controlled process model in the form of (7.4). If the MANF parameter is set to 1, then the selection of two frequency response points is manual. To select the frequency, set the input HLD = on, which stops the frequency sweeping. The identification experiment continues after returning the input HLD to 0. The remaining functionality is unchanged.

It is possible to terminate the identification experiment prematurely in case of necessity by the input BRK = on. If the two points of frequency response are already identified at that moment, the controller parameters are designed in a standard way. Otherwise the controller design cannot be performed and the identification error is indicated by the output signal IDE = on.

The IDBSY output is set to 1 during the "identification and design" phase. It is set back to 0 after the identification experiment finishes. A successful controller design is indicated by the output IDE = off. During the identification experiment the output iIDE displays the individual phases of the identification: iIDE = 1 means approaching the first point, iIDE = 1 means the break at the first point, iIDE = 2 means approaching the second point, iIDE = 2 means the break at the second point and iIDE = 3 means the last phase after leaving the second frequency response point. An error during the identification phase is indicated by the output IDE = on and the output iIDE provides more information about the error.

The computed state controller parameters are taken over by the control algorithm as soon as the SETC input is set to 1 (i.e. immediately if SETC is constantly set to on). The identified model and controller parameters can be obtained from the p1, p2, …, p6 outputs after setting the ips input to the appropriate value. After a successful identification it is possible to generate the frequency response of the controlled system model, which is initiated by a rising edge at the MFR input. The frequency response can be read from the w, xre and xim outputs, which allows easy confrontation of the model and the measured data.

The "Controller mode" (binary input ID = off) has manual (MAN = on) and automatic (MAN = off) submodes. After a cold start of the block with the input ID = off it is assumed that the block parameters mb0, mb1, ma0 and ma1 reflect formerly identified coefficients b0 , b1 , a0 and a1 of the controlled system transfer function and the state controller design is performed automatically. Moreover if the controller is in the automatic mode and SETC = on, then the control law uses the parameters from the very beginning. In this way the identification phase can be skipped when starting the block repeatedly.

PIC

The diagram above is a simplified inner structure of the frequency autotuning part of the controller. The diagram below shows the state feedback, observer and integrator anti-wind-up. The diagram does not show the fact, that the controller design block automatically adjusts the observer and state feedback parameters f1,,f5 after identification experiment (and SETC = on).

PIC

The controlled system is assumed in the form of (7.4). Another forms of this transfer function are

F(s) = (b1s + b0) s2 + a1s + a0 (7.5)

and

F(s) = K0Ω2(τs + 1) s2 + 2ξΩs + Ω2. (7.6)

The coefficients of these transfer functions can be found at the outputs p1,...,p6 after the identification experiment (IDBSY = off). The output signals meaning is switched when a change occurs at the ips input.

Inputs

dv

Feedforward control variable

Double (F64)

sp

Setpoint variable

Double (F64)

pv

Process variable

Double (F64)

tv

Tracking variable

Double (F64)

hv

Manual value

Double (F64)

MAN

Manual or automatic mode

Bool

off ..

Automatic mode

on ...

Manual mode

ID

Identification or controller operating mode

Bool

off ..

Controller mode

on ...

Identification and design mode

TUNE

Start the tuning experiment (off on), the exciting harmonic signal is generated

Bool

HLD

Stop frequency sweeping

Bool

BRK

Termination signal

Bool

SETC

Flag for accepting the new controller parameters and updating the control law

Bool

off ..

Parameters are only computed

on ...

Parameters are accepted as soon as computed

off on 

One-shot confirmation of the computed parameters

ips

Switch for changing the meaning of the output signals

Long (I32)

0 ....

Two points of frequency response

p1 … frequency of the 1st measured point in rad/s

p2 … real part of the 1st point

p3 … imaginary part of the 1st point

p4 … frequency of the 2nd measured point in rad/s

p5 … real part of the 2nd point

p6 … imaginary part of the 2nd point

1 ....

Second order model in the form (7.5)

p1 … b1 parameter

p2 … b0 parameter

p3 … a1 parameter

p4 … a0 parameter

2 ....

Second order model in the form (7.6)

p1 … K0 parameter

p2 … τ parameter

p3 … Ω parameter in rad/s

p4 … ξ parameter

p5 … Ω parameter in Hz

p6 … resonance frequency in Hz

3 ....

State feedback parameters

p1 … f1 parameter

p2 … f2 parameter

p3 … f3 parameter

p4 … f4 parameter

p5 … f5 parameter

MFR

Generation of the parametric model frequency response at the w, xre and xim outputs (off on triggers the generator)

Bool

Outputs

mv

Manipulated variable (controller output)

Double (F64)

de

Deviation error

Double (F64)

SAT

Saturation flag

Bool

off ..

The controller implements a linear control law

on ...

The controller output is saturated

IDBSY

Identification running

Bool

off ..

Identification not running

on ...

Identification in progress

w

Frequency response point estimate - frequency in rad/s

Double (F64)

xre

Frequency response point estimate - real part

Double (F64)

xim

Frequency response point estimate - imaginary part

Double (F64)

epv

Reconstructed pv signal

Double (F64)

IDE

Identification error indicator

Bool

off ..

Successful identification experiment

on ...

Identification error occurred

iIDE

Error code

Long (I32)

101 ..

Sampling period too low

102 ..

Error identifying one or both frequency response point(s)

103 ..

Manipulated variable saturation occurred during the identification experiment

104 ..

Invalid process model

p1..p6

Results of identification and design phase

Double (F64)

Parameters

ubias

Static component of the exciting harmonic signal

Double (F64)

uamp

Amplitude of the exciting harmonic signal  1.0

Double (F64)

wb

Frequency interval lower limit [rad/s]  1.0

Double (F64)

wf

Frequency interval upper limit [rad/s]  10.0

Double (F64)

isweep

Frequency sweeping mode  1

Long (I32)

1 ....

Logarithmic

2 ....

Linear (not implemented yet)

cp

Sweeping rate   0.5  1.0 0.995

Double (F64)

iavg

Number of values for averaging  10

Long (I32)

alpha

Relative positioning of the observer poles (in identification phase)  2.0

Double (F64)

xi

Observer damping coefficient (in identification phase)  0.707

Double (F64)

MANF

Manual frequency response points selection

Bool

off ..

Disabled

on ...

Enabled

ph1

Phase delay of the 1st point in degrees  -60.0

Double (F64)

ph2

Phase delay of the 2nd point in degrees  -120.0

Double (F64)

stime

Settling period [s]  10.0

Double (F64)

ralpha

Relative positioning of the observer poles  4.0

Double (F64)

rxi

Observer damping coefficient  0.707

Double (F64)

acl1

Relative positioning of the 1st closed-loop poles couple  1.0

Double (F64)

xicl1

Damping of the 1st closed-loop poles couple  0.707

Double (F64)

INTGF

Integrator flag  on

Bool

off ..

State-space model without integrator

on ...

Integrator included in the state-space model

apcl

Relative position of the real pole  1.0

Double (F64)

DISF

Disturbance flag

Bool

off ..

State space model without disturbance model

on ...

Disturbance model is included in the state space model

dom

Disturbance model natural frequency  1.0

Double (F64)

dxi

Disturbance model damping coefficient

Double (F64)

acl2

Relative positioning of the 2nd closed-loop poles couple  2.0

Double (F64)

xicl2

Damping of the 2nd closed-loop poles couple  0.707

Double (F64)

tt

Tracking time constant  1.0

Double (F64)

hilim

Upper limit of the controller output  1.0

Double (F64)

lolim

Lower limit of the controller output  -1.0

Double (F64)

mb1p

Controlled system transfer function coefficient b1

Double (F64)

mb0p

Controlled system transfer function coefficient b0  1.0

Double (F64)

ma1p

Controlled system transfer function coefficient a1  0.2

Double (F64)

ma0p

Controlled system transfer function coefficient a0  1.0

Double (F64)

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